The Theme of Marriage in Jane Austens Pride And...

The Theme of Marriage in Jane Austens Pride And Prejudice One of the main themes in Pride And Prejudice is marriage. Throughout the novel, the author describes the various types of marriages and reasons behind them. It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. The novel demonstrates how many women need to marry men they are not in love with simply in order to gain financial security. The first instance of marriage seen in the novel is that between Mr and Mrs Bennet. However it is far from perfect, with the couple barely speaking to each other. Mr Bennets extreme sarcasm that is seen throughout the book makes Mrs Bennet†¦show more content†¦For the most part, women could not acquire money on their own without inheriting or marrying into good fortune. Austen promotes gender equality throughout the novel, and considers womens inferior status to be socially unjust. Ironically, Mrs Bennets single-minded pursuit to get her daughters married tends to backfire, as her lack of social graces alienates the very people whom she tries desperately to attract. Austen uses her continually to highlight the necessity of marriage for young women. Mrs. Bennet also serves as a middle-class counterpoint to such upper-class snobs as Lady Catherine. In the 19th century it was common for women to marry purely for money and for social status, this can be seen in Charlottes marriage to Collins. Charlottes marriage to Collins injects a grim note into the comedic presence of Collins character so far. Whereas Elizabeth is an idealist who will not marry solely for money, Charlotte, lacking a fortune, finds this opportunity too good to miss. I believe that Austen is showing the reader that marrying only for physical appearance is wrong - beauty fades with time. Charlotte Lucas marries Mr. Collins for money. Charlotte accepts his proposal for the pure and disinterested desire of an establishment.Show MoreRelatedThe Theme of Marriage in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice Essay1801 Words   |  8 PagesThe Theme of Marriage in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice Marriage has been one of the main themes portrayed in Jane Austens novel of Pride and Prejudice. The author skilfully discusses, through most of her characters about the general views on marriage, the usual outcomes of marriage and most of the general problems the low class people are facing in marriage. There are four marriages in the novel and each of them differs in the way they are set out. The authorRead MoreComparative Study: Letters to Alice and Pride and Prejudice1502 Words   |  7 Pagesportrayed in Pride and Prejudice are creatively reshaped in Letters to Alice. The two texts, Letters to Alice and Pride and Prejudice, mirror and contrast the central values shared and explored by evaluating them; presenting them against Jane Austens context and that of Fay Weldon. Mirroring Austens novel, Weldon presents the central values for women such as the social values of moral behaviour, independence, and, literary values of reading and writing, from Pride and Prejudice and adapts themRead More Women and Marriage in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice Essay examples663 Words   |  3 PagesWomen and Marriage in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice And they lived happily ever after... Or did they? Pride and Prejudice, a captivating novel written by Jane Austen, is the story of Elizabeth and her adventure challenging society and ending up deep in true love. Pride and Prejudice takes place in a town outside of London called Hertfordshire, where the reader follows Elizabeth, her friends, and her family as they search for love in the nineteenth century. The author writes of ElizabethsRead MoreJane Austen’s Novel Pride and Prejudice Essay874 Words   |  4 Pagesencompasses the main theme of an advantageous marriage for the English novelist, Jane Austen. Her realism, biting irony and social commentary have gained her historical importance among scholars and critics (Southam). Austen’s major novels, including Pride and Prejudice, were composed between the years 1795-1815. During those twenty years England was at the height of its power facing many historical landmarks (Thomson). It is no coincidence that Jane Austenâ⠂¬â„¢s novel, Pride and Prejudice, coincides directlyRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1211 Words   |  5 PagesJane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice was greatly influenced by the time period in which it was written, This novel follows the story of Elizabeth Bennet and her sisters as they are faced with marriage proposals. The marriage and roles of women in this time period are shown throughout this story. During the time Austen was writing this novel, a woman’s role for her family changed. Daughters started to become a way for their family to achieve more money. Because their family depended on this financialRead MoreJane Austen and Her Feminism1158 Words   |  5 PagesJane Austen and Her Feminism ---analyzing of feminism revealed in Pride and Prejudice Introduction It is universally acknowledged that Jane Austen was a major woman novelist in English; but it is also a truth that almost as universally ignored that Jane Austen was a feminist. By intensively reading her six novels (Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Northanger Abbey, Mansfield Park, Emma and Persuasion) and studying feminism, I have found some significant and fresh thingsRead MoreClass In Pride And Prejudice Analysis844 Words   |  4 Pagesembodies† (17). Yet, while Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice sets out to challenge societal misgivings, it also suggests hints at a reinforcement of a patriarchal and capitalistic hierarchy. Therefore, one must ask if Austen’s work is readily attempting to challenge society and transform it to match the more feminine and self-aware conceptions presented in the text through its protagonist, Elizabeth Bennet, and her experience. Ultimately, does Austen in Pride and Prejudice reinforce or challenge ‘classâ₠¬â„¢Read MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice861 Words   |  4 PagesIn the article â€Å"Pride and Prejudice - Inversion and Criticism of the Romantic Novel† written by Koh Tsin Yen, Yen thoroughly explains a deeper meaning of Pride and Prejudice from both hers and Austen’s perspective of the novel. In Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice, which takes place in the 19th century, Austen portrays marriage and social class as two themes with an extreme importance. While tying together two similar points of views, Yen also incorporates Austen s themes from her novel asRead MoreThe Austen Marriage1601 Words   |  7 PagesThe females in Pride and Prejudice have their moral values reflected in their marriage. They each have a predetermined standard – whether it is love or monetary gain, or superficial or complex – of what constitutes a marital relationship. According to Zimmerman, â€Å"the character from whose point of view much of the action is seen is Elizabeth† (67). She is either the one being married or is the one giving opinion on another’s marriage. Jane Austen utilizes Elizabeth as the crux of the plot’s movementRead MoreNorthanger Abbey as a Precursor to Pride and Prejudice Essay1614 Words   |  7 PagesJane Austen’s Northanger Abbey is frequently described as a novel about reading—reading novels and reading people—while Pride and Prejudice is said to be a story about love, about two people overcoming their own pride and prejudices to realize their feelings for each other. If Pride and Prejudice is indeed about how two stubborn youth have misjudged each other, then why is it that this novel is so infrequently viewed to be connected to Austen’s original novel about misjudgment and reading one’s fellows

Drugs and Homeostasis - 1668 Words

Biology 3201 STSE Drugs and Homeostasis ï ¿ ¼ Submitted To: Mr. King Submitted By: Chelsea Hamen Date Due: October 28th Understanding Concepts: 1.) Clinical Depression - is the most frequently encountered mental illness. Clinical depression is now considered a physical condition in which there is a fault in the brain chemistry. It may afflict up to 5% or more of the population. Symptoms of depression include a distinct change in mood accompanied with an extreme feeling of hopelessness. Other symptoms include: loss of appetite; weight loss; headaches; sleeplessness; loss of energy; and tiredness. Symptoms of anxiety are also quite common. Suicide is common in about 15% of depressed patients. Bipolar Disorder - is also known as manic†¦show more content†¦Rohypnol - is a drug associated with rave parties and comes from the benzodiazepine family. It is considered to be the â€Å"date rape† drug and has become famous for its use in committing sexual assault. It is often given to an unsuspecting victim by dissolving it in beverage while they are unaware. It is similar to Valium TM but has ten times its strength. In combination with alcohol, it can be deadly. Rohypnol is highly addictive and has severe withdrawal symptoms. Its use can cause deep sedation, respiratory distress, blackouts for up 24 hours, and amnesia. Ecstasy - is known as Methylene Dioxy Meth Amphetamine (MDMA) and has street names such as X, Rolls, E, Adam, Beans and Buddies. The initial use of ecstasy results in: increased heart rate; increased blood pressure; dilation of pupils and bronchi; brain stimulation; increased motor activity; tightening of jaw muscles; grinding of jaws; overheating; sweating; heat stroke; and dehydration. The long-term use of ecstasy can result in irreparable brain damage. 3.) Higher doses of designer drugs can result in paranoia, depression and violent irrational behaviour. In general, designer drugs can create a wide range of physical problems such as: hypertension; uncontrolled tremors; total paralysis; seizures; permanent drain damage; and death. 4.) Opioids - are typically used to treat pain. They can produce a feeling of euphoria by affecting regions of the brain that enable us to perceiveShow MoreRelatedRole of Gluthathione Pathway in Discovering Anticancer Compound793 Words   |  3 Pagesanticancer drug, there are several criteria we have to look into. For instance, the role of metabolism, cell environment and also protein homeostasis should be taken into account in discovering anticancer drug. To obtain the pharmacokinetic profile of an anticancer drug during the discovery process, metabolism plays a crucial role where the metabolic liability and the potential drug-drug interactions have to be determined (John Wiley and sons, 2001). Consequently, the metabolic stability of the drug hasRead MoreAspects of Stress Essays550 Words   |  3 PagesResistance Stage: This kicks in when the alarm reaction stage is at a full. The parasympathetic nervous system looks for ways to use resources more cautiously. The body attempts to recharge lost energy and set the body back into a state of homeostasis. Fight or flight is less affective now, so strategies such as denial are used instead. Exhaustion Stage: Eventually the resistances of the last two stages break down and the original states of ANS are regained (sweating, increasedRead MoreIntroduction:. Homeostasis Is The Process Of Maintaining1003 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: Homeostasis is the process of maintaining a fairly constant interval environment. Homeostatic mechanisms help us to be independent of our external environment. It helps us regulate our body temperature, pH, concentration of dissolved substance in the body fluids, concentration of glucose in blood, concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and body fluids, blood pressure and concentration of metabolic wastes. Without it, we wouldn’t be able to survive and adapt to our environmentRead MoreThe Effect Of Prostaglandins On The Inflammation Pathway And The Mechanism Of Action Of Nsaids1412 Words   |  6 Pagesstimulus is removed, the reaction will stop and the inflammatory cells will be returned to pre-inflammatory numbers. Prostaglandins play an important role in immune reactions and are therefore often targeted by anti-inflammatory drugs, such as non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The specific role of prostaglandins and the mechanism of action of NSAIDs will be discussed (Ricciotti; FitzGerald, 2011). Figure 1. Basic diagram of acute inflammation (Reilkoff; Bucala et al., 2011) ProstaglandinsRead MoreCapture Myopathy: Syndrome within Captive Animals Essays645 Words   |  3 Pageswhite muscle disease, the muscle when used causes a change of metabolism from using oxygen to using the stored energy within the muscle. The change up allows for lactic acid to build up and make its way into the bloodstream where it changes the homeostasis of the body: the body pH and the heart output. In essence, if the heart is inefficiently pumping the correct oxygen to the muscle, the muscle will begin to deteriorate and ultimately lead to damages to the kidney and the effector organs. (2) AnimalRead MoreCoping Assignment On Coping1011 Words   |  5 Pagesstressor is an external influence that threatens to disrupt the equilibrium that is needed to maintain homeostasis† Pearson Education, 2015). In times of homeostasis we are comfortable and stable both physically and mentally. Stressors are life events, that may cause physical, mental, emotional, psychological or spiri tual stress and our body and mind â€Å"cope† to attempt to regain that stability of homeostasis Pearson Education, 2015). Both subconscious and conscious responses are used to cope with stressRead MoreThe Scientific Exploration Of Human Motivation997 Words   |  4 Pagessignaling to us we must have because food and water are essential for us to live. When our behavior is directed by means of survival this is something known as homeostasis. â€Å"According to drive theory, the body maintains a condition of homeostasis, in which any particular system is in balance or equilibrium (C.L. Hull, 1951). Any departure from homeostasis, such as depletion of nutrients or a drop in temperature, produces an aroused condition, or drive, which impels the individual to engage in appropriateRead MoreConventional Drug Delivery Systems ( Ddss )1421 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract: With the emergence of more novel and effective drug therapies, increased importance is being placed upon the methods by which these drugs are being delivered to the body. Different methodologies have been heavily investigated as possible solutions , one of these methods are intelligent or ‘Smart polymeric drug-delivery systems’. â€Å"Stimuli responsive† and â€Å"self regulating† drug delivery systems have captured the imagination of researchers, in large part because they suggest a means to mimicRead MoreViruses : The Characteristics Of Life Processes969 Words   |  4 Pagesvirus is constantly changing, it is hard to manufacture drugs and vaccines to combat it. Not all drugs and vaccines will be able to eliminate all of the virions, there will be a few remaining that have resisted the drug/vaccine and will be able to survive and infect more cells, producing more viruses. Those are the two life processes that viruses have. Viruses cannot maintain homeostasis, and this is a very important life process. Homeostasis is being able to control and monitor the internal conditionsRead MoreProteomics Essay754 Words   |  4 Pages4.2 Combination of proteomics and interactomics The study of PPI is fundamental to define the molecular networks that contribute to homeostasis of living organisms. Disruptions in protein interaction networks have been shown to cause diseases in both human and animals. For instance, PPI disturbances have been shown to be involved in cancer caused by p53 mutations [47], neurodegenerative diseases resulting from protein aggregates accumulation [48], and virus-host interactions [49]. Therefore, the

Patient Centred Care Emergency Department -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Patient Centred Care Emergency Department? Answer: Introduction: Health care can be defined as one of the most basic necessities of human life that helps support the sick and ailing of the community or society and propels them to revert back to their own healthy living conditions. Hence, there is no need for any more emphasis on the importance of the health care in the society as a social or public service. Patient centred care has been a concept in the health care that has revolutionized the care standards that is being delivered to the patients. One the major concerns that is the prime focus of a person centred care is the fact that the patients and their personal needs or preferences has to be given the most importance while planning the care and delivering it (Acn.edu.au. 2018). This essay will attempt to focus on different elements of person centred care and how the practice is influenced by the situational factors of emergency department health care setting, taking the assistance of my personal experiences in the emergency department (ED) du ring my placement program. On a more elaborative note, person centred care can be defined as the care planning and execution keeping the desires and preferences of the patient at the centre of the care program. a person centred care has to involve the patients and their family members in the process of planning, monitoring and improvising the care plans decided for the patient, and care has to be taken to involve the concept of informed consent with the patient and his or her family members (Flagg 2015). There are various elements or variables of person centred care and each of these elements has to be incorporated step by step for a person centred care to be efficient and effective. However, there are situations and scenarios where providing person centred care to the most optimal standards can become challenging, such as in emergency departments, where are there are a variety of different obstacles to providing a completely person centred care to the patients (Flagg 2010). According to the Australian college of nursing, it can be mentioned that the principles of the person centred care is critically depended on providing patient centred nursing care to the patients (Acn.edu.au. 2018). The main principles of this care standards are providing individualistic and personalized care to the patients, protecting the human dignity of the patients, respecting and acknowledging the individual rights and preferences of the patients; where they feel comfortable to shares any of their grievances and preferences with the care provider (Flagg 2015). According to the McConnell, McCance and Melby (2016), the mandatory implementation of the person centred care had the sole purpose of reinforcing humanitarian concepts of care into the whole care scenario. And it insists the health care professional to develop and follow compassionate and empathetic care philosophies in order to provide a person centred care that is effective, safe and culturally competent. According to Flagg (2015), the person centred care entails therapeutic partnership between the patients and the care provider; however, the decisive power must be at the hands of the patients or their family members. It has to be mentioned in this context, that in many cases the critically ill patients while in residential care are completely dependent on the care provider, and regardless of the severity of their health adversity, the dependence and lack of autonomy has severe negative impact on the psychological health and wellbeing of the patient. This adverse impact on their psychological health on the other hand affects their recovery pace and health in general, often worsening the situation with the agitation, irritation, and helplessness in their demeanour. Integrating person centred care in the care practice demands addressing a few key elements of person centred care. First and foremost, it has to be mentioned that the personal and cultural values and beliefs of the patient h as to be kept at the centre of the care planning and each of the voiced needs of the patients is to be taken with utmost consideration. On a more elaborative note, it can be mentioned that the patients must be at all times be notified of each of the activities that is going to be undertaken in the care procedure. According to the authors, communication, patient education and transparency in the information sharing has to be most important aspects of providing a care that is optimally person centre. Therefore, the patients and their family must at all times be informed about the continuity or changes in the care plan and the communication and patient education must be administered by the nursing professional beyond and above anything else to ensure providing patient centred care at the most (Fairbrother, Chiarella and Braithwaite 2015). However, as a graduating nurse on placement program in ED for 6 weeks, I understand that there are many situations where adhering to all of the principles and protocols of person centred care can be extremely difficult. Drawing reference from my own personal experience, while in the emergency ward I had encountered a situation where we were not able provide person centred care to the patient. In addition, the most important contributing factor behind it had been communication gap, chaotic health care setting, protocol restrictions, heavy work pressure, and time constraints are the main facilitators of the challenges (Epstein and Street 2011). On a more elaborative note, the patient had been admitted to the ED with an acute head ache and upon diagnosis, the presence of a brain tumor was diagnosed in the CT scan. In this case, the patient had to wait for a bed in a better health care setting with more specialized neurological ward, and during the entire wait period there have been no r eassurance or communication provided to either the patient or their family members. According to the registered nurse practice standards of NMBA, in all circumstances the nursing professionals are supposed to be engage in therapeutic relationship, communicating and reassuring the patient. Due the fact that the diagnosis was still preliminary and we had no inkling on how aggressive the tumor might be and what recovery chances the patient might have, we could not reassure the patient and his family (Karro, Dent and Farish 2005). Similarly, a elderly patient had been held waiting in ED for a long time while the patient had been only dehydrated and had been wanting go home. The patient was left in a state of anxiety and confusion where no effective communication and reassurance had been provided to her. This experience also indicates at the incidences that violate the most crucial practice standards of a registered nurse, developing a therapeutic relationship with the patient. As per the registered nurse practice standards, one of the most important elements of a person centred care is the communication and information sharing with the patient and their family members and having a reassuring and compassionate therapeutic relationship with that patient, which had not been addressed. Another experience that I would like to mention is the lack of privacy in the emergency departments, a patient with a cut on her finger, while she was in pain and screaming, all the other patients had been looking at her and she was embarrassed. According to the principles of patient centred care, patient privacy needs to maintained under all circumstances, and due to the extreme chaotic environment and extreme workload, even closing the curtain to make the patient feel safe and secure becomes difficult. Along with that, it also needs to be mentioned that the chaotic environment of the emergency departments dose not just contribute to the privacy infringement of the patients in the ED wards, but also contributes to the irritation and distraction to the ED nurses and affects the person centred care that the patients are to receive (Acn.edu.au. 2018). According to the principles of national health and safety quality standards, the safety and efficacy of the care can be optimal in case the patients can be involved effectively in the process of care planning and execution, hence adhering to patent centred care also enhances the safety and effectiveness of the care as well (Safetyandquality.gov.au. 2018). Now it has to be mentioned that the nurse-led-triage in the emergency departments has been associated with lack of communication, empathy and violating the person centred care practice standards by most of the authors. Patient dissatisfaction in the emergency departments has become a common concern, and the issue continues to escalate (Mller, Fridlund and Gransson 2010). The most important element associated with the dissatisfaction in the patients has been reported as the powerlessness, and anxiety that the patients and their family members feel while they are subjected to a prolonged periods of waiting in the emergency departments. The lack of adequate information exchange is another highly frequently observed issue in the emergency departments that violates the principles of person centred care and is another key source of patient dissatisfaction with the care experience received in the emergency department triage (Forsgrde, Attebring and Elmqvist 2016). I would like to include that there are a variety of different environmental factors that contribute to the dissatisfying experience that the patients received by the patients while in the emergency department. First and foremost, the acute staff shortage is one of the most important and crucial factor that not only affects the care response and approach that the patients are given but also increases the triage wait period while in the ED. In my placement program, I myself have experienced, the extreme workload, and limited time nurses are allotted to invest on a single patient based on the critically low nurse to patient ratio is the primary reason behind the violation of person centred care provided to the patient. Lastly, the lack of power on the hands of ED nurses and the protocol of the ED triage is another prime challenging factor behind the faulty person centred care provided in the emergency departments, in most cases the nurses themselves do not have enough strong information to provide to the patients and their family to reassure them. In rest of the cases, I have experienced that the nurses do not have enough time to invest on reassuring and communicating with the patients and their family members with whatever information that they might have (Safetyandquality.gov.au. 2018). In order to improve my competence and performance in better and more effective communication with the patients and proper time management, so that I can invest effectively address each and every need of my patients. Hence, I would like to enrol myself in the continuous professional development program which will help me develop my competencies and will help in general to enhance my communication and patient management skills. It has to be mentioned that the national health and safety quality standards emphasizes on addressing each of the desires of the patients optimally along with ensuring that the care provided is safe and effective. Addressing to all of the elements of person centred care delivery not only adheres to all of the registered nursing practice standards but also follows through the health and safety quality standards. Conclusion: On a concluding note, I would like to mention that there definitely are a lot of factors prevailing in the emergency department setting of a health care facility that restricts the ability for the nursing professionals to provide adequate person centred care to the patients. Any health care professional providing person centred care to the patients, must address each and every key desires, preferences, grievances, family situations, values, socio-economic circumstances, linguistic and cultural characteristics has been given the most of the importance while designing and executing the care interventions. Although, regardless of all these obstacles and challenges providing adequate person centred care to the patients is a necessity and there is need for efforts to overcome all these challenges and improve the ED triage experience that the patients get. There is need for government action to improve the ED staffing scenario and privacy requirements so that each patient can be provided a safe, private and compassionate experience while in ED. The nursing professionals will also have to invest honest efforts to improve the care approach taken to ensure optimal person centred care delivery even in emergency situations. Reference: Acn.edu.au. (2018).Australian College of Nursing | Advancing Nurse Leadership. [online] Available at: https://www.acn.edu.au [Accessed 22 Jan. 2018]. Bergman, C.L., 2012. Emergency nurses' perceived barriers to demonstrating caring when managing adult patients' pain.Journal of emergency nursing,38(3), pp.218-225. Epstein, R.M. and Street, R.L., 2011. The values and value of patient-centered care. Fairbrother, G., Chiarella, M. and Braithwaite, J., 2015. Models of care choices in todays nursing workplace: where does team nursing sit?.Australian Health Review,39(5), pp.489-493. Flagg, A.J., 2010.Patient/provider concordance: Instrument development(Doctoral dissertation, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio). Flagg, A.J., 2015. The role of patient-centered care in nursing.Nursing Clinics,50(1), pp.75-86. Forsgrde, E.S., Attebring, M.F. and Elmqvist, C., 2016. Powerlessness: Dissatisfied patients' and relatives' experience of their emergency department visit.International emergency nursing,25, pp.32-36. Karro, J., Dent, A.W. and Farish, S., 2005. Patient perceptions of privacy infringements in an emergency department.Emergency Medicine Australasia,17(2), pp.117-123. Marynowski-Traczyk, D. and Broadbent, M., 2011. What are the experiences of emergency department nurses in caring for clients with a mental illness in the emergency department?.Australasian Emergency Nursing Journal,14(3), pp.172-179. McConnell, D., McCance, T. and Melby, V., 2016. Exploring person-centredness in emergency departments: A literature review.International emergency nursing,26, pp.38-46. Mller, M., Fridlund, B. and Gransson, K., 2010. Patients conceptions of the triage encounter at the emergency department.Scandinavian journal of caring sciences,24(4), pp.746-754. Rehman, S.A. and Ali, P.A., 2016. A review of factors affecting patient satisfaction with nurse led triage in emergency departments.International emergency nursing,29, pp.38-44. Safetyandquality.gov.au. (2018).Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care. [online] Available at: https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au [Accessed 22 Jan. 2018].

X-ray interactions with matter Essay Example

X-ray interactions with matter Paper This document presents the interactions of x-ray with matter. It talks about the five types of x-ray interactions with matter, photoelectric absorption, compton scattering, pair production, coherent interaction, and photodisintegration. Each of this x-ray interactions are discussed in a manner that it can be understood by the general public. This document also dwells on the various exposure factors involve in radiography. It also provides a brief discussion of the attenuation that occurs when a photon travels through the matter. X-ray is a form of Photon that is created when energetic electron interacts with matter at the atomic level. Photons end their lives when they collide with electrons and transfer their energy. Like other forms of photons, x-rays possess intrinsic energy that may be imparted to the matter they interacts with. Interaction takes place as either absorption (transfer of energy from the X-ray photon to the absorbing material) or scattering (in which the X-ray photon is â€Å"redirected† by interaction with the scattering material) (Connolly, 2007). X-ray has been used extensively in medical imaging which sometimes brings wonders to a number of people of how x-rays are able to penetrate solid objects and produce images of the internal structure. Photoelectric Absorption occurs when a photon hits the atom of matter and all of its energy is transferred to the electron which is then knocked out of its orbital. The atom becomes ionized due to the loss of an electron. The photon, which is a form of energy, completely disappears as it transfers all its energy to the electron knocking it out of the orbital. We will write a custom essay sample on X-ray interactions with matter specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on X-ray interactions with matter specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on X-ray interactions with matter specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The electron is ejected from the atom by the transformation of energy from light to kinetic energy and begins to pass through the surrounding matter. The electron rapidly loses its energy and moves only a relatively short distance from its original location. The photons energy is, therefore, deposited in the matter close to the site of the photoelectric interaction (Sprawls, 2006). The energy transfer is a two-step process. The photoelectric interaction in which the photon transfers its energy to the electron is the first step. The depositing of the energy in the surrounding matter by the electron is the second step. The transfer of energy is depicted by figure 1 to figure 2. Figure 1. Before Collision Figure 2. After Collision Photoelectric interaction normally occurs with electrons that has relatively high binding energy. It is most probable when the electron binding energy is only slightly less than the energy of the photon. If the binding energy of the electron is greater than the photon then photoelectric interaction cannot occur. This is because the interaction can only occur if the photon has sufficient energy to knock and overcome the binding energy, thus removing the electron from the atom. Compton Effect Compton effect occurs when a photon hits the atom of matter and only a portion of its energy is transferred to the electron. The photon still leaves the vicinity of the interaction in a direction different from the original path of the photon. This is illustrated in figure 3. The atom also becomes ionized due to the loss of an electron. The Relativistic energy and momentum are conserved in this process1 and the scattered x-ray photon has less energy and therefore greater wavelength than the incident photon (Connolly, 2007). The photon that leaves the vicinity of the interaction may interact further with the nearby atoms until it looses all its energy or escapes the matter and goes outside.