A Living Entity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A Living Entity - Essay Example The third and last part of the criminal equity framework is the redresses office, and in this arm incorporates correctional facilities, probation and parole, and detainment facilities (Cohn, 1977). At the point when a guilty party oversteps the law, the police are the principal part of the remedies division that the wrongdoer will experience. After the capture and examinations are finished, the individual is then taken to the second arm of the criminal equity, that is, where they are attempted and whenever saw as blameworthy, are condemned to serve a jail term, or an alternate punishment relying upon the offense (Cohn, 1977). The court moves the liable individual to the amendments division that may incorporate carrying out a jail punishment, probation and house capture, restoration, and relying upon how extreme the offense is the death penalty may apply. Enthusiastic work It is out of sight of these obligations and obligations to a country that the criminal equity staff end up in tro ublesome circumstances. One of the parts of criminal equity framework that make the calling more genuinely depleting than a regular 9-5 employment is the need to ensure that equity wins consistently. This turns out to be progressively troublesome in light of the fact that the law ensures every individual regardless of whether the said individual is a known guilty party to the law implementation. Along these lines, the police may end up in circumstances where a known executioner or attacker strolls free since they are secured by the law. In occasions where the police can't shield a non military personnel from the demonstrations of a known guilty party, or for a situation where the indictment neglects to arraign a suspect completely because of various details, such circumstances may cause an immense enthusiastic disturbance with respect to the criminal equity work force. What's more, individuals from the criminal equity framework frequently interact with casualties of grievous and fre ak criminal acts that may cause a colossal passionate impact with respect to the official. In this way, in such circumstances, individuals from the criminal equity framework can be said to have a high inundation of feelings contrasted with other office employments. Passionate work as indicated by the definition is a state enthusiastic guideline that shows itself in broad daylight through facial and other physical real articulations. Passionate guideline is the capacity by a person to respond to various circumstances in a manner that is socially fair and satisfactory (Mastracci, 2012). As such, people must have the option to realize how to act when responding to a given circumstance or an event. At the point when cops are engaged with hazardous circumstances, or when contending in courts, feelings are probably going to bubble, and certain individuals may state or act in a comportment that isn't proficient. A case of such practices may incorporate crying, utilizing unnecessary power, yelling and calling others terrible names (Mastracci, 2012). In criminal equity, it is fundamental to prepare law authorization officials on the need to manage their feelings to stay away from unnatural birth cycle of equity on account enthusiastic upheaval. A portion of the manners in which enthusiastic work can be diminished is through instruction and participation courses on the best way to deal with and control various circumstances without letting the heaviness of the occasion improve of the

IB Price Floors Commentary Essay

Cost floors are instruments that are utilized by the administration to raise the base cost at which the products can be sold at, thus expanding the personal satisfaction of the individuals that are delivering the acceptable. Rice from Thailand was being sold at 13,00 thousand baht, anyway the value floor that the administration has presented has pushed the most reduced cost for rice up to 15,000 baht which is fundamentally higher than the past cost. This will cause the flexibly bend to move to one side as appeared in outline 1 beneath. The impact of the value floor is appeared in chart 2 underneath. Before the administration chose to include the value floor, the market balance was at amount Qe at the value Pe. The administration chooses to force a base cost of Pmin. This is done to build the income of the ranchers of rice, anyway this makes another issue. At the new cost of Pmin, just Q1 will be requested, anyway Q2 will be provided. On the off chance that the administration concludes that it won't intercede any further, the amount that is expended will really be decreased from Qe to Q1. The abundance gracefully that is produced will make issues. As the rancher whave an overabundance gracefully from Q1 to Q2. They will attempt to dispose of the stock, regardless of whether it implies that they need to sell it at a value that is lower than the market value that is set by the administration. To determine this issue, the administration needs to intercede and purchase all the stock that can't be sold. This will lessen the measure of surplus that exists in the market. Rice is a staple decent in Hong Kong; numerous families rely upon rice to make up a dominant part of their eating regimen.

Best WordPress Hosting in 2020 Top 12 Compared Reviewed

Best WordPress Hosting in 2020 Top 12 Compared Reviewed .elementor-19992 .elementor-element.elementor-element-19992{text-align:center}Last Updated on February 12, 2020Trying to find the best WordPress hosting can send you through an endless maze of webhosting sites, and countless hours of research, not to mention exorbitant fees if you dont find a good host at the outset.The best WordPress hosting service is one that does everything you need it to, and maybe a little more than that. They will have a strong track record of reliability and the right amount of tech support. Within those parameters, you also want to find a web host that also fits nicely into your budget. Disclosure As an independent review site, we get compensated if you purchase through the referral links or coupon codes on this page â€" at no additional cost to you. Dismiss alert Now that you know a little more about the in’s and out’s of WordPress web hosting, let’s take a quick review of some of the best web hosts for WordPress with a WordPress hosting comparison, shall we?You might also like: Best web hosting Table of Contents Parts that make up the best WordPress hostingTypes of WordPress hosting comparedFree WordPress HostingShared WordPress HostingVPS WordPress HostingManaged WordPress Web HostingDedicated WordPress HostingHere are the 12 best WordPress hosting services1. Hostgator (Best WordPress hosting overall)2. WP Engine3. Bluehost WordPress hosting4. DreamHost5. InMotion6. SitegroundBest hosting for WordPress: the wrap-upParts that make up the best WordPress hostingWebsite, web host, domain name… they are the same thing? Join the FREE TrainingDo You Want To Learn How To Build 6 Figures Authority Sites?Join This Free Training To...Finally have a proven method to finding profitable nichesGet access to a foolproof keyword research methodLearn how to outsource quality contentLearn how to build white hat links to your site without headaches Not at all. Here’s an easy way to sort out the differences between them.Domain NameLet s use the analogy of a file cabinet to make it clearer. Your domain name is kind of like a file cabinet that you have in your home or office. It tells your audience which drawer in the file cabinet has the information they need.When someone types in your website address, or domain, and presses enter, the domain is translated into a server IP address. Think of the IP address as the label on the hanging file that tells you exactly which one to pull. The manila folders inside the hanging file are the pages on your website.Web HostThe words web host and web server are interchangeable. Think of the web host as being the back closet in your office that your file cabinet sits in. If you lease office space, you have to pay for that. If your office is in your home, it still costs you a little something in heat and electricity to house those files.Without the web host, your domain name doesn’t have a place to rest until it’s needed. You will want your domain name to be open and accessible to the public 24/7. Without the web host, your visitors could be surfing around all day and never bump into you.WebsiteThe content on your website is similar to pulling pages out of your files, such as your products, services, and blog articles. In a paper file, you might have different forms of communicationâ€"post-it notes, printouts of emails, fax pages, photographs, CD’s, or advertisements. Just like you can differentiate between them at a glance, your web host can decode the differences between different types of files like .jpg, .mp3, .html, .php, etc. The web host decodes information to make it look recognizable when your visitors see it.Why look for the best WordPress hosting, theyre all the same right?This is not true unfortunately, you should try to find the best WordPress hosting you can, but simply stating that a good web host is a key component of a successful website probably isn’t enough to convince you to get a good one.So, let’s take a look at what can go w rong if you choose a web host that is not conducive to WordPress sites. Four issues will decrease traffic to your site:SpeedReliabilitySecuritySupportSpeedThink about what happens when you have to wait too long in the checkout line. The least bit of impatience sends you on the hunt for a shorter line. You want your web host to be able to load your pages fast enough that your visitors don’t go looking for the website with the express checkout line.ReliabilityOne of the most common problems with web hosts is that they go down when they get overly busy. Have you ever gone shopping on Black Friday to get the best deal on a hot ticket item, just to find that the store is at capacity and the wait line is halfway down the block?WordPress is a resource-heavy application, and not all web hosts have the top-notch hardware that makes it shine. WordPress needs a web host that is capable of running PHP at a speed of 5.6 or greater and has MySQL at speeds of 5.5 or higher, to make it run optima lly.All sites go down occasionally, but you will want to know that your web host has a strong history of reliability with WordPress sites. Your visitors can’t see what you have to offer if they can’t get inside to see your wares.Most web hosts will send you an alert when your site goes down. If you’re getting too many of these notifications, contact your host. If they can’t resolve it, it’s time to look for a different web host.SecurityChoosing a web host that doesnt help you secure WordPress sets you up for all kinds of nasty problems. If your web host allows hackers to slip through the cracks, your site becomes vulnerable to malicious attacks.A savvy hacker can inject scripts, steal cookies from your computer or network server, install malicious software, or manipulate your data. They can also establish new accounts using your personal or professional information, giving themselves full user privileges.SupportIf you are the owner of that famous store on Black Friday with the shoppers lined up outside, certainly you want them to be able to get inside the store. You also want them to have a great experience once they get inside.Visitors that can’t find a price on their favorite item or have water dripping on their head from a leaky roof won’t be happy. Customers expect the manager to fix problems, large and small.Your web host owns the server, but you are the owner of your site. Just as a store manager may need to call a contractor to fix something within the building, you may need to call on your web host provider if your site doesn’t work the way that it should.Look for web host providers that are available day and night. If there’s a problem with your website and you can’t get it fixed in short order, you will lose traffic.Sites that go down a lot will be ranked lower in search engines, so it stands to reason that selecting a web host that dovetails nicely with WordPress will improve your SEO results.Types of WordPress hosting comparedIs nt every hosting type just as good?Again, this is false, and there are actually five different types of hosting servers. This is one area where costs align with the quality of service pretty well. Here’s a breakdown of the different types of servers that web hosts offer:WordPress.com won’t allow you to get features and plugins from third parties because of security vulnerabilities so you will have to settle for basic functionality. That means there are no ways to create a membership site, offer a newsletter, or increase the speed of your website. There are some pretty cool tools out there that you’ll be missing out on.Perhaps the biggest downside is that your brand will forever be connected to WordPress with a yourname.wordpress.com domain name, although you can get a unique domain name for a small fee.If none of that bothers you, a free WordPress.com website might be the way to go. You can find out more on our free WordPress hosting page.Shared WordPress HostingShared hosting means that your site is housed on a server that is shared with hundreds of other sites. That means you are all sharing the same resources. When all of those sites are busy at the same time, there are fewer resources to go around and that is what causes sites to crash.The biggest benefit is that you get to share all of the costs with the other sites, which makes shared hosting an affordable and popular option. Most of the best shared hosting companies start their pricing at about $5-$7 per month.If your goal is to grow the number of visitors to your site, you may outgrow a shared host at some point. This is a good reason to look for a web host that will be able to upgrade you to a VPS or dedicated server later on if you need it.VPS WordPress HostingA step up from shared hosting is VPS (virtual private server). In this type of arrangement, your server space is still shared with other sites, but typically there will be far less of them. Another important benefit to VPS is that it give s the site owner low-level access to some administrative functions.More control, increased security, and larger capacity are all very good reasons to go with a VPS web host if your site gets a lot of traffic but expect to pay a little more (although there are some cheap VPS hosting options around).Managed WordPress Web HostingThe highest and most costly level of web hosting is managed web hosting. Managed web hosting is best-suited to owners that have busy sites, where the owner doesn’t have the time or technical ability to deal with server operations and problems.Managed web hosting is for the site owner that wants to call a tech, with a real name, which can fix anything that the owner wants to be changed or fixed, by making one call. It’s also for the site owner that can afford it.If this sounds like something you need, take a look at our article on the best managed WordPress hosting.Dedicated WordPress HostingIf your website falls into the 2% of all business sites and blogs t hat become an over-the-top success, it’s time to move to dedicated server hosting. Your web host provider will be happy to host your site on a server that is dedicated only to your site. This means that you won’t be worrying about other sites bumping into yours, or bumping it offline. The only vulnerabilities your site will be exposed to are your own.As with other types of servers, costs will be based upon the power of the server and the level of site and support management that the web host provides for you.Here are the 12 best WordPress hosting servicesHostGatorWP EngineBlueHostDreamHostInMotionSiteGroundGreenGeeksA2HostingHostingerInMotionSite5iPage1. Hostgator (Best WordPress hosting overall)Users like lots of things about Hostgator, from the one-click installation, to strong uptime percentages, to 24/7 support. Having over 8 million domains adds to their popularity. It interfaces famously with WordPress.Hostgator has hosting plans galore. Most users are quite happy with the Baby Plan, but there are plenty of upgrades too, including shared hosting, reseller hosting, VPS hosting, and dedicated hosting. The shared hosting plan offers three levels of serviceâ€"Hatching Plan, Baby Plan, and the Business Plan. The Baby Plan starts about $4 a month (but theres a decent discount through the link below).There few things that users don’t like about Hostgator. They offer a ginormous amount of domain names, and they even have an offer on though our link (below) where you can get your domain name free of charge.Theres not much not to like about HostGator, and we urge you to take a look at what they have to offer before checking out the rest of this list. See the special deal we worked out with HostGator here 2. WP EngineAccording to many WordPress users, WP Engine is the “gold standard” of the best WordPress hosting sites. Your monthly fee for WP Engine comes with a team of experts that know WordPress inside out. Tech service and support are top-notch and the WordPress hosting design caters directly to WordPress sites to make them smooth and lightning fast.If you’re looking for a web host that takes care of all of your maintenance issues like updating themes and plugins, WP Engine fits the bill.WP Engine will also take care of performing back-ups every day, so there is no worry about losing data.WP Engine isn’t the least expensive option for the best WordPress hosting service, but if you are too busy to perform the site management tasks or you’d just rather pay someone to do it for you, it works just fine. The WP Engine pros outweigh the cons for the most part.Perhaps the biggest downside to using WP Engine is the cost. Get WP Engine for your personal site for just $29 per month. WordPress also has pricier upgrade packages for Professional, Business, Premium, and Enterprise Grade. Visit WP Engine 3. Bluehost WordPress hostingIf you’re looking for one of the best WordPress hosts on a shared server, take a peek at Bluehost. Across the board, Bluehost gets rave WordPress hosting reviews for being one of the best hosting services. It was founded in 1996, making it one of the oldest web hosts.Bluehost is officially one of the best WordPress hosting companies according to WordPress themselves, which gives it a trusted brand name. Bluehost has earned its reputation for being a reliable web host with a strong percentage of uptime, even when traffic is high.Bluehost’s expert support is available around the clock via phone, email, or live chat. They also offer a wide range of web hosting options, so it’s no surprise that Bluehost rates high for small businesses.If there is anything negative to say about Bluehost, it’s that there are no convenient monthly shared hosting plans. Users will need to install add-ons for just about everything. The site upsells aggressively, which can be pretty annoying.Bluehost has a nice little video summarizing their WordPress services here: Visit BlueHost 4. DreamHostDr eamHost is home to over 600,000 WordPress blogs and websites. DreamHost users get a one-click WordPress installation and avoid setup fees. DreamHost is over 15 years old and has a strong reputation for making web hosting easy.One of the best benefits of DreamHost is that it automatically installs WordPress updates. Dreamhost boasts of unlimited space and bandwidth, making it one of the best and fastest WordPress web hosts.Users get a custom dashboard that lets them customize their site to their heart’s content. The downside to this is that there are actually few design tools. You can purchase additional tools, but costs can add up. A fancy site on Dreamhost can break the bank. Visit DreamHost 5. InMotionInMotion has a reputable history for reliable performance. Most tech-savvy individuals agree that inMotion has one of the strongest uptimes. When you combine reliability with strong tech support, inMotion is a top contender as a top WordPress hosting brand. You get a free domain name too.Site owners that are looking to grow will appreciate the many affordable web hosting package upgrades. Users can get managed hosting for just $40 per month and get an hour of service for the fee.Tech support is based right here in the United States. Users can get help via live chat, phone, or an email ticket. Beyond getting personal help, users can find plenty of resources using their support page, user guides, and tutorials.InMotion gets top marks from most users for speed. It may be the only web host that gives its users the option of selecting a data center on either the East or West coast.There are just a couple of cons to using inMotion. This web host tends to be a little too advertiser-friendly, which can be pretty annoying when you are trying to access your dashboard. The only other disadvantage is that they charge extra for multiple websites, but that isn’t something that affects too many users anyway. Visit InMotion 6. SitegroundSiteground gets its notoriety for being one of the best WordPress hosting sites, because of its fast speed and strong security solutions. Users that don’t like to perform maintenance will love the automatic back-ups that Siteground provides.Most site reviewers give Siteground top marks for 24/7 support, as backed by their status as an official WordPress recommended hosting provider. Their tech support is only rivaled by their excellence in customer service.On the negative end of things, they don’t offer as much as other web host providers in the way of storage or bandwidth. Siteground doesn’t have as strong of an offering of features as compared with rival WordPress web hosts, but there are enough to make it a contender. Visit SiteGround A few words about web hosting and costsOne of the perks that many web hosts offer is a free domain name. This can be a little misleading. As mentioned earlier, you can get a free domain from WordPress.com. It will look something like johndoe.wordpress.com.That may be gr eat initially, but if your brand really takes off and you choose to upgrade to a shared or VPS host, you run the risk of losing your domain name. If that happens, there are ways to redirect your site to your new domain name.If you still want the free domain name as your permanent domain, check with your web host provider to see what happens to your domain name if you make a move to another host.It’s easy enough to get distracted by ads for ultra-cheap WordPress hosting. One dollar a month sounds pretty great, doesn’t it? Bear in mind that the only way for a company to provide hosting and support for $1 a month per subscriber is to do some pretty serious volume.Remember that the buzz words for the best web hosts for WordPress are support, reliability, security, and support. A web host provider that charges very little is going to give less of all of those important services. Low cost does not necessarily equate to a quality web host.Before looking at the costs, it pays to take a look at the track record of a web host. Popular web hosts mean that they have a lot of satisfied customers. It’s difficult to point to the top leading web host, but when you select a well-known web host, you’ll most likely have a reasonably good experience. Saving time and having peace of mind goes a long way when you are running a website.Besides, you can get the best WordPress hosting for just a few more Dollars per month.Best hosting for WordPress: the wrap-upYou should now have a pretty good idea of what kind of server will best serve your purpose. You will also likely know that you need to look for speed, reliability, security, and support, over the cost.There’s no shortage of good hosting for WordPress (even if you want free WordPress hosting), but now you will easily be able to identify the very best WordPress hosting sites around.Here's a BONUS DEAL exclusive for YOU:Ive negotiated a SPECIAL DISCOUNT with HOSTGATOR EXCLUSIVELY for you, my blog readers, so your WordPres s hosting costs can be as low as $2.64 per month! with a free domain name! GET HOSTING FOR ONLY 2.64/MONTH HERE You wont get a better deal anywhere like this! Hurry! This is for a limited time only!Offer ends until end of March 2020 only! Free WordPress hosting Best shared hosting

What Is a Climax Forest

A plant community that is dominated by trees representing the last stage of natural succession for that specific locality and environmentally should be considered a climax forest. To be a climax forest, trees growing within a particular geographic region should remain essentially unchanged in terms of species composition for as long as the site remains undisturbed. Foresters have adopted a  practical silvicultural approach when managing large stable communities of climax tree species.  They use and name a climax forest as the final stage in terms of the stabilization of the major tree species. These conditions are observed on a human timescale and can maintain specific tree species and other plants over hundreds of years. This definition is honored by some but not by all. In contrast, speculative ecologists conclude that there can never be a climax forest. Their claim is because cyclical disturbance (both natural and human-caused) will always be a constant in North American forests. A climax community by a more accepted definition is a relatively stable and undisturbed plant community that has evolved through major stages and adapted to its environment. A climax species is a plant species that will remain essentially unchanged in terms of species composition for as long as the site remains undisturbed. How Forests Are Created and Mature Forests are always in some evolving process that takes place in several major defined steps or stages and until completion and each stage is called a sere.  A sere can also be called a  seral community  and are the  multiple stages found during  forest  succession  in a forest ecosystem advancing towards its  climax community. In many cases, more than one seral stage evolves until climax conditions are attained The major phases of forest succession in a post-glacial, temperate world leading to climax follow a certain mechanical pattern of development. Ecologists have created terms and most agree that initial forest establishment  starts from some disturbance that creates a bare site which they call  Nudism. With the  introduction of living regenerative plant material to that bare site from certain sexual and asexual processes and along with seed transportation, succession begins with the process of plant movement called  Migration. This migrating of plant-produced genetic material toward more advantageous living and growing conditions that then encourage  the  establishment of vegetative growth which is called  Ecesis.  In this state of expanding plant growth, pioneer or early seeding plant species pave the way toward the succession of more stable plants and trees. So,  plants (including trees) that make a desperate attempt to quickly capture space, light, and nutrients are now in  Competition with all other vegetative organisms that demand  the same  elements for life. This plant community then makes a significant change  from the effects of competition and is called the  Reaction stage in a forest ecosystem. This reaction to competition slowly but surely creates a calming symbiosis of existing species in a long path toward stabilization. The long-term and  final development of a forest climax community is called  Stabilization  and creates a forest that lasts until the next inevitable disturbance or change in the climate. 100,000 Year Cycles Change Climax Tree Species A plausible  theory of advancing and retreating ice suggests that the climax forest of today will not be the stable forests of the far future. So even the climax oaks and beeches of today may be transient on the geological timescale in the northern latitudes. In tropical latitudes, forests seem to withstand global cooling to the point where they may vastly expand and contract. It is thought that this changing of rainforests creates patches which encourages astonishingly diverse assemblages of the kind we see in the Amazon. Colin Tudge digs deeply into this theory and other fascinating tree facts in his book called  The Tree: A Natural History of What Trees Are, How They Live, and Why They Matter.

How to Conjugate Remarquer (to Notice; to Remark)

The Child Pornography Prevention Act Of 1996 - 914 Words

Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition (2002) took away many sections of the Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996. The Act made it illegal to virtually possess or distribute child pornography. Congress passed the Protect Act in 2003 to advertise, solicit, or promote any material of minors having sex or performing sexual acts. Michael Williams was in a chat room attempting to obtain child porn. A secret service agent instant messaged with the man to bait him. Williams later wrote he had pictures of a four year old being raped. After receiving several pictures the agent got a warrant for William’s house. Williams was arrested under Section 2252 A of the Protect Act. Williams pleaded guilty but challenged the Acts constitutionality. An Eleventh Circuit Appeals Court reversed Williams conviction. The government appealed to the Supreme Court. 3. Questions of the Court Does the Protect Act violate the First Amendment? 4. Holding No. The vote was 7-2 in favor of the U.S 5. Opinions of the Court Justice Scalia wrote the opinion of the Court. Section 225 A (a) (3) (B) bans the distribution of child pornography. This case is to determine if the law violates the First Amendment or Fifth Amendment due process clause. The Court has long decided the inappropriate material is not protected by the First Amendment, Roth V. United States (1957). When explicit material has true value to society it has been held as free speech, Miller v. California (1973). The Court has considered childShow MoreRelatedReflections on the First Amendment Paper1627 Words   |  7 Pagesaffirmed the Ninth Circuits judgment against the plaintiff’s broader definition of pornography in enacting the Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996. This broader definition, the court finds it in contravention with the First Amendment. 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The six to three ruling, led by Justice Anthony Kennedy, says the law violates First Amendment freedom of speech rights guaranteed to every citizen of the United States of America. Although many free speech advocates are shouting victory, many citizens across the country are lamenting over the loss in the fight against child pornography. Child pornography has been present in society for centuries, but has only recently becomeRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy For Children Essay863 Words   |  4 Pagesplan, social skills, independent living, and relapse prevention of sexual offense behavior will follow. Therapy will consist of success oriented cognitive behavioral therapy. Other techniques that will be employed include strategies to control aggression, manage sexual behaviors responsibly, general skill rehearsal, role modeling, and interventions for safety. Background/HX: Walter entered the Ambitions Community Protection Program in August 1996. He has been diagnosed with Mild Mental RetardationRead MoreThe Child Pornography Prevention Act957 Words   |  4 PagesFACTS: The Child Pornography Prevention Act characterized denied youngster smut to incorporate express sexual pictures which were intended to speak to minors yet did not utilize any genuine kids as subjects, being created by different means, for example, PC imaging. The Free Speech Coalition ontended that this government law damaged the First Amendment. FACTS: The Congress established the CPPA in 1996 to forbid the utilization of pictures which seem to show minors occupied with sexual acts yet whichRead MoreEssay Constitution And Law In America970 Words   |  4 Pages Constitution’s Significance with Law in America The definition of constitution is the act or process of composing, setting up or establishing (Websters Dictionary online). When I think of constitution I think of our â€Å"founding father’s†, the ones who established our governemnt and function. I am reminded of why they came over here. I think of the Constitution as the mission statement for the American government. America’s set of standards. It gaurantees that we cannot stray from the vision of whatRead MoreCybercrime : A Victim Of Cybercrime1348 Words   |  6 Pagespeople that you didn’t send? If the answer is yes to any of the questions you were a victim of cybercrime. Cybercrime Definition Cybercrime (Computer Crime) is defined as the use of a computer to commit crimes such as fraud, trafficking in child pornography, intellectual property, stealing Identities, or violating the privacy of others (Britannica). Cybercrime and Homeland Security Cybercrime is important to homeland security because it helps to protect the United States against federalRead MoreThe Problem Of Child Sex Trafficking1746 Words   |  7 PagesChild sex trafficking is an international threat to the happiness of children everywhere. Children are our hope. They are the inspiration for a lot of the humanitarian work in which many people around the world are involved. Threats to the well-being of children are numerous. In addition to many living in less than stable familial environments, children today are continually forced to face the effects of a conflict filled society, regardless of their country of origin. Creating an environment that

Passion for My Family Essay Example For Students

Passion for My Family Essay When I heard in class that I had to write a paper about what I had passion for, I thought of numerous things that I had a passion for. However, my teacher said I could only choose three things that I had passion for. It was quite hard at first to choose, but then I thought about the most important ones. From then, I knew what I was going to write about. The first thing that came into my mind was clear and it was to write about my family. I have passion for my family because they are the most important people in my life. If it wasn’t for them, I would not be here today writing this essay. My family inspires me every day by telling me to push myself toward my goals and to become independent for my future that I am headed for. They also are the ones who teach me how to learn from my mistakes and tell me what’s good for me and what’s bad. There are many ways I have passion for my family because they are the ones who are always beside me no matter what. I can trust and look up to my family, when ever I am in trouble or going through a rough time. Even though, it can be embarrassing, I still would have passion about them no matter what. Another thing I have passion is for my goals. I want all of my goals to come true no matter how impossible they can be. My goals are the part of me, which help me wake up every day and keep me going in life. One of my goals is to finish community college and go to a four year university. I want to get my degree at the university that I will transfer to and become a pharmacist. As of the goals in my life, I can keep moving forward and change myself each day to become a better person. I don’t know what the world or people would be like without having any goals to set in their lives for a better future. Last, but not the least the most important passion I have for is to have a good future. I always had a passion to know about my future, if it is going to be bad or good. I always want to have a good future for myself to show myself what I have become in life. The future is very important to me because I have a passion for it. I would do anything to have a good and successful future. I don’t want to be a person or end up like that person who lives on the street or sell drugs to feed their family. I want to become an independent person, so whatever happens to me in the future I can handle it without needing anybody’s help to survive. I think these are the most important things that I have passion for and things that I care for quite a lot. I don’t think anybody would not disagree, but of course each person has their own things that they are passionate about. These passions are probably being the obvious to anybody, but not for me because of these passions I keep moving forward in life.

The Plague - Novel Analysis Essays - Plague, Epidemics,

The Plague - Novel Analysis The Epidemic in a Few Pages The Plague is a novel describing the plague epidemic in the large Algerian city of Oran in the 1940s. In April, numerous rats staggered into the open to die. Once a mild hysteria gripped the population, the newspapers began searching for any action they could take. Finally, the authorities arranged for the daily collection and cremation of the rats, but by mid-afternoon they were already pilling up again. When a cluster of cases of a strange fever appeared, Dr. Rieux's partner, Castel, became certain that the illness is the bubonic plague. He and Dr. Rieux are forced to confront the indifference and denial of the authorities and other doctors in their attempts to urge quick, decisive action. Only after it became impossible to deny that a serious epidemic was ravaging Oran, the authorities did enforce strict sanitation measures, placing the entire city under quarantine. The public went into shock due to their sudden imprisonment and intense longing for absent loved ones. Many people indulged in selfish personal distress, convinced that their pain was unique in comparison to the rest of the town's. Father Paneloux delivered a stern sermon, declaring that the plague is God's punishment for Oran's sins. Raymond Rambert attempted to escape Oran in hopes of rejoining with his wife in Paris. He tried to escape with the help of Cottard's criminal buddies. In the mean time, Meanwhile, Rieux, Tarrou, and Grand relentlessly battled the death and suffering of the plague. Rambert eventually finalized his escape plan, but, upon learning that Pieux was separated from his wife, Rambert became ashamed to flee. He chose to stay behind and continue to fight the epidemic. Cottard committed an unknown crime in the past, so he has lived in constant fear of arrest and punishment. He found the plague to be a sign of relief because he was no longer alone in his fearful suf fering. He accumulated a great deal of wealth as a smuggler during the epidemic. Since the exile lasted for so long, the people lost their selfish obsession with personal suffering. They came to view the plague as a disaster that was everybody's concern, and many confronted their social responsibility and joined the anti-plague efforts. When M. Othon's son suffered a prolonged, excruciating death from the plague, Dr. Rieux shouts at Paneloux that he was an innocent victim. Paneloux, deeply shaken by the boy's death, delivered a second sermon that modified the first. He declared that the inexplicable deaths of innocent people forced the Christian people to choose between believing everything or believing nothing at all about God. When he fell ill, he refused to consult a doctor, leaving his fate entirely in the hands of divine Power. He died clutching his crucifix, but the symptoms of his illness did not truly match those of the plague. When the epidemic ended, Cottard could not go on. He began randomly firing his gun into the street until he was captured by the police. Grand, having recovered from the plague, vows to make a fresh start in life. Tarrou dies just as the epidemic was ending, but he battled with all his strength for his life, just as he helped Rieux battle for the lives of others. Rambert's wife joined him in Oran right after the city gates were opened. Dr. Rieux's own wife died of a prolonged illness before she and her husband could be reunited and the public quickly returned to its old routine. Once I finally finished reading this novel, I was overjoyed. I was interest in the bubonic plague and that was the only reason I chose this novel. Camus could have very easily increased the enjoyment of reading by correcting a few problems, but there were some aspects that I loved about it. If I am reading any type of writing and I stumble upon a word that I cannot say, I improvise with something that to anyone else would sound like a sigh of relief but it sounds as it looks. The Plague, due to my limited ability to pronounce French names, was filled with characters that practically had no names. I find it difficult to keep track of each

Mayoral Debate essays

Mayoral Debate essays During October 2003, a bug was found in the mayor's office prior to the Philadelphia Mayoral election. Once the bug was found the FBI stated that it was placed in connection with certain investigations but they declined to state the nature of the investigation. That the bug was found so close to the election date has raised the Mayors ire. He has suggested that the bug was apparently planted by the FBI in support of Sam Katz a Republican candidate. Sam Katz refuted these reports and said that it was about time that the corrupt practices of John Street, a first term Democrat candidate was exposed. Suspiciously, a poll that was released after the bugging incident indicated that it probably affected the results making both side of the stories questionable. As a result of this incident, Katz and his opponent John Street found themselves in a debate that was The Street Katz debate' held not only the state but the entire country enthrall. Most of the nation watched the debate as the themes of corruption', television' and politics' always hold a certain entertainment value and as such, a diverse audience found itself following the debate, even if they had previously found nothing of interest where politics was concerned. The language, the style, the argument and the actual rhetoric itself had great import as both the leaders realized that the debate could make or break their careers. Each of the debaters was interested in taking the offensive to ensure a strong argument so that none of the audience saw them as the criminal' party. Politics today is assuredly not a simple job; it's a game that has to be played with all the drama and pomp of a Hollywood movie. Taking this background into account we can accept the words of Katz who says, "All that has gone on in the last couple of weeks puts an exclamation point on basically 100 years of Philadelphia being a city corrupt...

Stem cell research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Stem cell research - Essay Example First and foremost argument made by the scientific community is that human stem cell research is said to promise new life changing treatments and possible cures for many debilitating diseases and injuries, including Parkinson’s disease, diabetes, heart disease, multiple sclerosis, burns and spinal cord injuries (Young, 2-16)1. Human stem cells can be obtained from a number of sources. The first is IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) treatment, where surplus embryos (and unfertilized eggs for creating embryos) are donated for research with the consent of the donor rather than being destroyed following treatment. The second source is aborted tissue where stem cells are taken from the aborted foetus. Another is umbilical cord blood, rich in stem cells. These cells are harvested following the baby’s birth. The most controversial is perhaps therapeutic cloning, where cells are created for research that is genetically identical to the donor (patient). This is done by removing the nucleus of an egg and fusing this egg with any enucleated cell from the donor. This will create an embryo genetically identical to the donor. Cells can then be harvested from this embryo for treatment. Being an exact replica, there is potentially less chance of rejection following transplantation. Umbilical cord blood, the placenta and even the amniotic fluid have in fact been found to be rich in stem-cells (McGuckin, et al 245-255)2. Stem-cells have also been found in almost every body tissue such as the brain, pancreas, liver, skin, fat, muscle, blood, bone marrow, lungs, nose and tooth pulp (Fisher, 2005)3. The US President’s Council on Bioethics recently published a whole white paper on Alternate Sources of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells.4 Sometimes these cells could be taken from the recipient patients themselves, avoiding any immune-rejection difficulties. At other times they are

Compare the Impact that the American Revolution had on Women and Research Paper

Compare the Impact that the American Revolution had on Women and African Americans - Research Paper Example However, the number of slaves was relatively small, and they worked and lived in every colony. States in the North had begun implementing laws that abolished slavery outright or promoted gradual emancipation even before the ratification of the Constitution. Among the legislations was the 1787 Northwest ordinance barring slavery form new territories during that period, therefore slavery existed effectively in the southern states and became the peculiar institutions of that region. Between the eve of the civil war and the federal census of 1790, the slave population rose to four million from approximately seven hundred thousand2. The revolution brought radical changes in sentiments, opinions, and principles to the American people. Ideas and issues that had an impact on the political, social customs, racial and gender roles in the thirteen states colonies had to be addressed as they united to form the United States. Despite the fact that the concept of an autonomous was not new, calls t o design and implement a democratic republic was of major concern to a relatively large number of colonists. At the end of the eighteenth century, majority of towns (especially Massachusetts) began experiencing firsthand republicanism through town elections and meetings. This promoted termination of British monarchy authority and limitation of the governing powers of elected public leaders, which subsequently appealed to individuals of all social status in all the colonies. Nonetheless, some key individuals in the society did not embrace the idea of a complete overhaul of the political system3. Majority of the high-class colonists ideally wanted an end to the hereditary aristocracy without essentially dismantling the existing social hierarchy. They were against the idea of a government that would consider everyone equal, from rich business people and property owners, to poor farmers and tenants, a well as slaves and women. Their conservative argument was that equality of all social classes would lead to illegal outbursts similar t those of the Boston Tea Party and Stamp Act crisis. The fight for independence from the Great Britain by the leaders of the colonies led to a broad concern for wider focus on social reforms, including slavery, religion, women’s rights, and voting rights4. The Declaration of Independence upheld the equality of all men, though the state leaders did not fully support these sentiments. The right to vote was strictly the business of white males who owned property with a certain value. The legislatures had the general assumption that individuals in society who lacked property did not a significant stake in the government, the moral prerequisite, and the proper work ethic to vote intelligently. Nonetheless, American leaders often highlighted the morel wrong of slavery, complaining on the attempts of the parliament to make them slaves, though majorities of the founding fathers were slaveholders. Of particular note was in 1775 when the royal governor of Virginia announced freedom to slaves who were willing to rebel against their masters, a move that received enormous outrage from the southern states. Similar attacks on the slavery institutions came under attack during the revolutionary era5. Early nineteenth century saw slavery ban in northern states and the prohibition of further importation of slaves by the federal government. In the northern states, slavery had a negligible

World War II Essay Example for Free

World War II Essay II (WWII), 120,000 Japanese Americans, US citizens or not, were forced out of the west coast after the attack of Pearl Harbor. President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066 which allowed local military commanders to establish exclusion zones from which any or all persons may be excluded. Americans of Japanese descent were forcibly interned in different camps in the US. The military felt that this was a necessary action to prevent any espionage and pro-Japanese actions in the west coast. Regardless of the mass evacuation, a number of Japanese Americans served in the military forces. In fact, the 442nd Regimental Combat Team (RCT) is the most highly decorated unit in US military history. Asian discrimination The discrimination against the Asians in the United States started even way before the incarceration of Japanese Americans in WWII. In the late 1900s, laws were passed that explicitly prohibited Japanese to become citizens of the US. They could not have a land of their own and were not allowed to marry outside their race. They could only buy homes in certain areas and were prohibited to work in certain industries. The Immigration Act of 1924 stated that aliens who were ineligible for citizenship would not be allowed to immigrate to the United States. When Japan had been establishing its colonial rule in the 20th century, news of brutality of Japan came into the US. In particular, Japans colonization of China was widely condemned by the US government. As a result, prohibitions on oil and supplies were placed on Japan. The Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937 further strengthened the anti-Japanese sentiment of the Americans especially when eyewitness reports of violence reached the country. The anti-Japanese sentiment reached its peak when the appalling attack on Pearl Harbor transpired on December 7, 1941. This impelled the United States to wage war against the Japanese Empire. This anger was further fuelled by how Japanese treated American and other western prisoners of war, the Bataan Death March, and the Kamikaze attacks on American ships. Internment Executive Order 9066 Starting 1939, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) had been compiling information on prominent members of the Japanese community. These data in the Custodial Detention Index (CDI) were used to classify the persons according to their possible danger to the country. A few hours after the Pearl Harbor attack, the Attorney General, given a presidential blanket authority, announced that the FBI, using the information in the CDI, would be detaining dangerous enemy aliens who may put the security of the nation in jeopardy. Some believed that Japan would launch an attack on the west coast. Many officials doubted the loyalty of the Japanese residing in this area, their judgments mostly based on racial bias. They also feared a possible tampering of water system or arson. The distrust to the ethnic Japanese was more strengthened by the fact that many of them were educated in Japan, where schools emphasized reverence for the Emperor. This planted suspicion of espionage by the Japanese Americans. On December 30, the Attorney General authorized raids even without search and warrant arrests to all houses of Japanese lineage provided that there is at least one Japanese alien. General John L. DeWitt, commanding officer of the Western Defense Command, advocated the removal of enemy aliens from zones in the west coast. He insisted that there were indications of sabotage by the Japanese Americans. Although various agencies, such as the FBI, found no evidence of such a claim, their reports were suppressed by high officials. DeWitts recommendation easily made its way to the War Department who readily approved it. When President Franklin Roosevelt was presented the order, he readily signed the order without consulting the Cabinet. His support of the internment was a great show of support to the Americans that would be rewarding in the coming election. Exclusion, removal, and detention On February 19, 1942, Executive Order 9066 authorized the Army to designate military areas from which any person may be excluded. Although there was no explicit command to evacuate the Japanese Americans, the order was carried out only to people of Japanese ancestry. The Italians Americans and German Americans, whose countries of origin were also at war with the allies of the United States, did not experience the same fate as the Japanese Americans. On March 11, the Office of the Alien Property Custodian was given discretionary authority over alien property interests. Many of the assets were frozen, causing financial difficulty for the people affected and hindering them from moving out of the exclusion zones. On March 24, Public Proclamation No. 3 enforced a curfew from 8:00 pm to 6:00 am for all enemy aliens and people of Japanese ancestry within the military areas. A few days later, another proclamation prohibited them from leaving Military Area No. 1, which is the entire Pacific coast to about 100 miles inland, until an order allows them to leave. On May 3, Japanese Americans were ordered to live in the assembly centers until transferred to relocation centers. The unfounded mass removal of the Japanese Americans took place around 8 months. Japanese Americans lost most of their properties since they were allowed to bring only what they could carry, such as clothing and personal effects. Numbered tags were given to them as a means of their identification and their belongings. Residents of twelve Latin American countries with Japanese ancestry were also interned to US internment camps. After WWII, most of the Japanese Latin Americans were not allowed to return to their countries and instead were deported to Japan, where they suffered hardships as Japan was severely damaged by the war. Of more than a hundred thousand Japanese Americans subjected to the mass removal program of the government, two-thirds of them were US citizens by birth. Farming as a cause of anti-Japanese sentiments Much of the prejudice against the Japanese Americans was intensified due to the competence of the Japanese in the agriculture industry. Being ingenious people, they eventually had their own farms and other businesses. A number of thriving businesses owned by Japanese Americans were strong competitors in the agricultural industry. The Japanese Americans had developed sophisticated means of irrigation that allowed the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, and flowers on lands that could not be used for farming previously. The first-generation Japanese Americans, the Issei, indeed prospered in the 20th century, but their fate turned when they lost their farm during the internment. This, however, pleased the white farmers as they could take over Japanese farms. Because the Japanese Americans were removed from their farms, laborers were needed to take over the lands of the Japanese. Immigrations from the Mexican border started coming to Mexico. However, thousands of Nisei, children of first-generation Japanese that were US-born, were still needed to save the farming industry so thousands of them were released from camps. But for the Japanese Americans who remained in camp, they strived to irrigate and cultivate barren lands in areas near the internment camps. Because of their hard work, they were able to build farm lands that are still productive until the present.

Why the Major Cities of Britain Were Bombed by the Germans in 1940 - 19

Why the Major Cities of Britain Were Bombed by the Germans in 1940 - 1941 Immediately after the defeat of France in the June of 1940, Adolf Hitler gave his generals the orders to organise the invasion of Britain. This plan was code-named Operation Sealion and its objective was to land 160,000 German fighters along a forty mile stretch of south-east England's coast. It was only a few weeks before a large fleet of vessels was ready for attack. Among them 2000 barges lay waiting for the go ahead in German, Belgian and French harbours. As Hitler's generals were concerned about the damage the R.A.F could inflict upon their armada the invasion was postponed until the British air force had been annihilated. On 12th August the mass bomber attacks on radar stations, aircraft factories and fighter airfields began; This attack was followed by daily raids on Britain, this became the beginning of the Battle of Britain. Although these plans were drawn up Hitler was never very keen on them, his lack of enthusiasm caused their abandonment on October the 12th 1940. Instead of invasion Hitler switched his efforts to pounding Britain into submission with gruesome sustained nightly bombing campaign. 'Blitz' the German word for lightening was applied by the British press to the raids carried out over Britain in 1940 and 1941. This concentrated direct bombing of industrial targets and civilian centres began on 7th September 1940 with heavy raids on London and other major cities. Manchester (marked ('A') London Belfast Sheffield Coventry Portsmouth Glasgow Edinburgh Canterbury Newcastle Norwich Su... ...r pipe. Censorship of photographs was very common during the blitz. Photographs were not always censored because they showed death and disasters of the worst kind, but also because they portrayed the misery and angst of civilians, and depicted the widening gap between the ways of life of the working classes in comparison. However all the censorship could not hide the damage nor repair it and it could not erase the images of burning and dismembered corpses in the minds of the people. Although the people stoically stood shoulder-to-shoulder against the onslaught, what they suffered was nothing compared to what the Germans were going to suffer. As Sir Arthur (bomber) Harris said when he had the new generation of long-range heavy bombers at his disposal "They have sown the wind, now they will reap the whirlwind".

Critical Analysis of Beowulf

Grendel Deep within the earth, in the frigid darkness laid the mighty beast Grendel. His tall, grisly frame trembled as the melodious hymns floated down to his lair. The joyful music sounded like liquid gold and it stung Grendel's ears. He howled a mournful, drawn-out growl in pain. After several days of the Earthwalkers' continuous celebration, Grendel was becoming steadily impatient, thirsting for retribution. How he longed to taste the bitter, metallic blood that coursed through their veins, and how his whole body ached to cause mayhem.The enormous demon was growing weary of hearing about how the world was created. He was tired of them drinking, and celebrating, all while he suffered within the black, bleak cave he was banished to. He would make them suffer, though. Grendel was a deft demon, and he was ready to demonstrate how powerful he truly was. Children of Cain, such as Grendel, do not often sit idly by, as those whom carouse the victories of the Gods that banished Grendel an d his familiars to the Underworld.Forever was Grendel to be punished for the death of Abel, a crime of which he did not commit. To make matters worse, his familiars were on the losing end of the war against God's creatures, thus casting them deeper within the shadows. However, that would not be the case today. It had gone on long enough. Grendel's large feral body trembled in anticipation – he would strike them tonight. He would spill their blood in the streets and show them what such a mighty creature can do. Then, as the icy blanket of night crept across the Above World, Grendel emerged from his cavern.His muscular legs propelled him quickly across the grassy fields to Herot, and as he went, Grendel wondered how the warriors would be recuperating from their celebrations. As he approached Herot, he found all of the warriors scattered throughout, all in a deep sleep. As he stepped lightly on the ground, Grendel sniffed the air. A fowl stench of brandy mixed with the bitter sc ent of their sweat intoxicated Grendel. His canine ears perked as he heard the slow, rhythmic beating of each of their hearts. He walked among their numbers, gazing upon each potential victim and sizing them up.Who would provide the best kill? Who would give him the luscious blood he so eagerly wished to taste. Finally, he came upon the perfect victim – a boy, about to become a man, his warrior's helmet was slightly askew on his sandy-colored hair. A silvery trail of drool slid from his lips and out onto the cold stone floor as he snored quietly. He had obviously never experienced battle, for his armor was made only of thin leather and had not even a fleck of dirt on it. Grendel's black lips curled upwards as he gazed down upon his unknowing victim.The power of the demon could crush his skull in a second, splattering the boy's hopes and dreams all across the stone floor. No, that would be too abrupt – and it wouldn't be the warrior's death that this boy obviously so ea gerly desired. No, Grendel would enjoy this. So with one slash of his razor-sharp talons, the boys throat was cut. Long ribbons of scarlet ran down his almost severed head and down onto the floor. The instant his neck was cut, his eyes shot wide open in horror, staring for only a moment at his murderer.The fear, now etched eternally in his face, was like that of watching your worst nightmare transpire right in front of your eyes. That moment was everything Grendel wanted from his journey into mayhem. That single moment was what captured Grendel's thirst and made it even stronger. Grendel licked the crimson beads from his claws and savored the coppery taste. He could feel it enter his body and it made him even stronger. Every one of his muscles throbbed in eagerness to slaughter more people, to taste more blood, and to incite even more fear. He moved swiftly between his victims, his footsteps barely making a whisper.After a few more throat cuttings, Grendel decided he would massacre more by crushing a few skulls. Moving up to one rather rotund warrior, he grasped the warrior's head within his long fingers, and the instant Grendel felt the warrior awaken, he squeezed with tremendous force. Within that moment, the warrior's body felt limp, his enormous weight now pulling Grendel's arm down. The demon could feel the sharp fragments of bone and helmet inside his hand, and the warm, stickiness of the blood as it ran along his fingers. Over two dozen more, he did this to, before carrying all of their bodies back to his lair.On his way back, though, he made sure that they left a long river of blood towards his cavern. Grendel greatly anticipated the awakening of the other warriors. As soon as day broke, he was not disappointed – those whom Grendel had spared began to cry and moan as they discovered the fate of their loved ones and compatriots. Their joyous songs of celebration turned to marred hymns of lament. Now that was music to Grendel's ears. In fact, the magnitude of excitement Grendel felt made it impossible for him to stay within his cavern that night.Just like he had done last night, he crept out of his lair and slaughtered even more of the warriors. As the months drew on, eventually the remaining warriors would try to combat Grendel, or run and hide. Each warrior, young or old, met the same fate as those Grendel had killed on his first night. A gruesome and gory death awaited any and all who Grendel wanted to kill. Years began to pass, and Herot became abandoned, thus making Grendel the only inhabitant. No longer were stories told of the creation of the world, but instead of Grendel's power and hatred.

About the Legislative Branch of U.S. Government

Every society needs laws and in the United States, the power to make laws is given to Congress, which represents the legislative branch of government. The Source of Laws The legislative branch is one of three branches of the U.S. government—the executive and judicial are the other two—and it is the one charged with creating the laws that hold our society together. Article I of the Constitution established Congress, the collective legislative body made up of the Senate and the House. The primary function of these two bodies is to write, debate and pass bills and to send them on to the president for his approval or veto. If the president gives his approval to a bill, it immediately becomes law. However, if the president vetoes the bill, Congress is not without recourse. With a two-thirds majority in both houses, Congress may override the presidential veto. Congress may also rewrite a bill in order to win presidential approval; vetoed legislation is sent back to the chamber where it originated for reworking. Conversely, if a president receives a bill and does nothing within 10 days while Congress is in session, the bill automatically becomes law. Investigative Duties Congress can also investigate pressing national issues and it is charged with supervising and providing a balance to  the presidential and judicial branches as well. It has the authority to declare war; in addition, it has the power to coin money and is charged with regulating interstate and foreign commerce and trade. Congress also is responsible for maintaining the military, though the president serves as its commander in chief. Founded in 1921, as the General Accounting Office, the investigative Government Accountability Office (GAO) audits all budgets and financial statements sent to Congress by the Secretary of the Treasury and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget. Today, the GAO audits and generates reports on every aspect of the government, ensuring that taxpayer dollars are spent effectively and efficiently. Government Oversight Another important function of the legislative branch is oversight of the executive branch. Essential to the doctrine of checks and balances envisioned by the nation’s Founders and implemented by the Constitution, congressional oversight allows an important check on the president’s power and a balance against his discretion in implementing laws and making regulations. One of the main ways Congress conducts oversight of the executive branch is through hearings. The House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform and the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Government Affairs are both devoted to overseeing and reforming government operations, and each committee conducts oversight in its policy area. Why Two Houses of Congress? In order to balance the concerns of smaller but more populated states against those of larger but more sparsely populated ones, the framers of the Constitution formed two disparate chambers.   The House of Representatives The House of Representatives is made up of 435 elected members, divided among the 50 states in proportion to their total population according to the system of apportionment based on the latest U.S. Census. The House also has six non-voting members, or â€Å"delegates,† representing the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and four other territories of the United States. The Speaker of the House, elected by the members, presides over meetings of the House and is third in the line of presidential succession. Members of the House, referred to a U.S. Representatives, are elected for two-year terms, must be at least 25 years old, U.S. citizens for at least seven years, and residents of the state from which they are elected to represent. The Senate The Senate is made up of 100 Senators, two  from each state. Before the ratification of the 17th Amendment in 1913, the Senators were chosen by the state legislatures, rather than the people. Today, Senators are elected to by the people of each state to six-year terms. The terms of the Senators are staggered so that about one-third of the Senators must run for reelection every two years. Senators must be 30 years old, U.S. citizens for at least nine years, and residents of the state they represent. The Vice President of the United States presides over the Senate and has the right to vote on bills in the event of a tie.   Unique Duties and Powers Each house has some specific duties as well. The House can initiate laws that require people to pay taxes and can decide whether public officials should be tried if accused of a crime. Representatives are elected to two-year terms. The Senate can confirm or reject any treaties the president establishes with other nations and is also responsible for confirming presidential appointments of Cabinet members, federal judges, and foreign ambassadors. The Senate also tries any federal official accused of a crime after the House votes to impeach that official.  The House also has the power  elect the president in the case of an electoral college tie. Phaedra Trethan is a freelance writer who also works as a copy editor for the Camden Courier-Post. She formerly worked for the Philadelphia Inquirer, where she wrote about books, religion, sports, music, films, and restaurants. Updated by Robert Longley